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Delphinium staphisagria
''Delphinium staphisagria'' is a species of ''Delphinium'', or larkspur, of the family Ranunculaceae. This plant is also known as Lice-Bane or Stavesacre. It is described botanically as a stoutly-stemmed, hairy biennial with large palmate leaves up to 6 inches (15 cm) across. The flowers are mauve-blue to blue, short-spurred, and up to 1 inch (2.5 cm) across, occurring in racemes. The plant grows to a height of 4–5 feet. It grows throughout the Mediterranean.〔D. Bown (2001), ''The Herb Society of America New Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses'' p.192, London: DK.〕〔Further details of its distribution may be found at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi-bin/taxon.pl?13475〕 The dark-colored, wrinkled seeds of ''D. staphisagria'' are characteristically quite large (~5x6 mm), and it is likely that the species name, which translates to "wild raisin" (classical Greek: σταφις αγρια) is based on their appearance.〔Benjamin Herbert Barton and Thomas Castle (1938), ''The British Flora Medica, or History of the Medicinal Plants of Great Britain, Vol. II'', London: E. C.〕 This name-derivation seems to have been arrived at independently by a modern horticulturalist, David Bassett, who also gives a detailed account of his experiences in growing this species.〔http://www.david.bassett.care4free.net/topics4/staphisagria.htm〕 All parts of this plant are highly toxic and should not be ingested in any quantity.
==History==
The use of herbal preparations made from ''D. staphisagria'' seeds for destroying body-lice has been recognized since antiquity. The Greek physician Dioscorides and the Roman historian Pliny are most often mentioned in this context,〔〔http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/s/stavas90.html〕 and in assessing this classical literature, Barton and Castle expressed the opinion that Dioscorides's description of ''staphis agria'' was consistent in most respects with the plant they knew as ''Delphinium staphisagria''.〔 One of the founders of American pharmacognosy, John Uri Lloyd, writing in his famous ''Pharmacopeia'', also cited references to the use of ''D. staphisagria'' preparations in the writings of Nicander and Crescenzio.〔J. U. Lloyd (1911), ''History of the Vegetable Drugs of the ''Pharmacopeia'' of the United States'', Cincinnati.〕
A ''Delphinium'' preparation of some sort (most likely from ''D. staphisagria'') was apparently a standard issue to British troops at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.〔F. Mitton and V. Mitton (1976). ''Mitton's Practical Modern Herbal'', p.102, London: W. Foulsham & Co. Ltd.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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